Santalum album, or Indian sandalwood, is a small tropical tree, and the traditional source of sandalwood oil. It is native to southern India and Southeast Asia. It is considered sacred in some religions like Hinduism, and some cultures place great significance on its fragrant qualities. However, the high value of the species has caused over-exploitation, to the point where the wild population is vulnerable to extinction. Indian sandalwood still commands high prices for its essential oil owing to its high alpha santalol content, but due to lack of sizable trees it is no longer used for fine woodworking as before. The plant is long-lived, but harvest is only viable after many years.

भारतीय चंदन का संसार में सर्वोच्च स्थान है। इसका आर्थिक महत्व भी है। यह पेड़ मुख्यत: कर्नाटक के जंगलों में मिलता है तथा भारत के अन्य भागों में भी कहीं-कहीं पाया जाता है। भारत के 600 से लेकर 900 मीटर तक कुछ ऊँचे स्थल और मलयद्वीप इसके मूल स्थान हैं।