Rice is a cereal grain, and in its domesticated form is the staple food for over half of the world's human population, particularly in Asia and Africa. Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa or, much less commonly, O. glaberrima. Asian rice was domesticated in China some 13,500 to 8,200 years ago, while African rice was domesticated in Africa some 3,000 years ago. Rice has become commonplace in many cultures worldwide; in 2021, 787 million tons were produced, placing it fourth after sugarcane, maize, and wheat. Only some 8% of rice is traded internationally. China, India, and Indonesia are the largest consumers of rice. A substantial amount of the rice produced in developing nations is lost after harvest through factors such as poor transport and storage. Rice yields can be reduced by pests including insects, rodents, and birds, as well as by weeds, and by diseases such as rice blast. Traditional rice polycultures such as rice-duck farming, and modern integrated pest management seek to control damage from pests in a sustainable way.

ಅಕ್ಕಿಯು ಒಂದು ಏಕದಳ ಸಸ್ಯವಾದ ಆರೈಝಾ ಸಟೀವಾದ ಬೀಜ. ಒಂದು ಧಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ವಿಶ್ವದ ಮಾನವ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆಯ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಭಾಗಕ್ಕೆ ಅದು ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಮುಖವಾದ ಅಗತ್ಯದ ಆಹಾರ ವಾಗಿದೆ, ವಿಶೇಷವಾಗಿ ಭಾರತದ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ, ಕೇರಳ,ಆಂದ್ರಪ್ರದೇಶಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಏಷ್ಯಾ, ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಏಷ್ಯಾ, ದಕ್ಷಿಣಪೂರ್ವ ಏಷ್ಯಾ, ಮಧ್ಯಪ್ರಾಚ್ಯ, ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ ಅಮೇರಿಕ, ಮತ್ತು ವೆಸ್ಟ್ ಇಂಡೀಸ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ. ಅದು ಮೆಕ್ಕೆ ಜೋಳದ ನಂತರ ವಿಶ್ವದ ಎರಡನೇ ಅತಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಉತ್ಪಾದನೆಯಾಗುವ ಧಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿದೆ.