அனுமானம் (Inference) என்பது மெய்யியல் மரபில் உண்மையை நிறுவுவதற்குக் கையாளப்படுகின்ற வழிமுறைகளில் ஒன்றாகும். இஃது ஊகம், உத்தேசம், கருதலளவை, உய்த்துணர்வு எனப் பொருள் கருதி பலவாறு அழைக்கப்படுகின்றது.

Inferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences; etymologically, the word infer means to "carry forward". Inference is theoretically traditionally divided into deduction and induction, a distinction that in Europe dates at least to Aristotle. Deduction is inference deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true, with the laws of valid inference being studied in logic. Induction is inference from particular evidence to a universal conclusion. A third type of inference is sometimes distinguished, notably by Charles Sanders Peirce, contradistinguishing abduction from induction.