Modernism is an early 20th-century movement in literature, the visual arts, music,philosophy, and social organization. It emphasizes experimentation, abstraction, and subjective experience. The movement emerged during the late 19th century in response to significant changes in Western culture, including secularization and the growing influence of science. It is characterized as a rejection of tradition and the hunt for newer and original ways of artistic expression. Modernism was influenced by widespread technological innovation, industrialization, and urbanization, as well as cultural and geopolitical shifts that occurred after World War I. Artistic movements and techniques associated with modernism include abstract art, stream of consciousness in literature, cinematic montage, atonal and twelve-tone music, and modern architecture.